Vitalik: There are still three aspects of the sharding technology in Fusaka that need improvement.

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated that PeerDAS in Fusaka is significant because it is essentially a sharding technology. This technology allows Ethereum to reach block consensus without requiring individual nodes to examine extremely small portions of data, and thanks to client-side probabilistic verification, it effectively resists 51% attacks, rather than relying on validator voting. Sharding technology has been a pursuit of Ethereum since 2015, and data availability sampling became a goal in 2017, which has now been achieved. However, the sharding technology in Fusaka still has three areas for improvement: First, while L2 networks can handle O(c²) transactions (where c is the node's computing power), L1 networks cannot. For L1 networks to benefit from scaling, a mature zero-knowledge Ethereum Virtual Machine (ZK - EVMs) is needed. Second, there is a proposer/builder bottleneck; currently, builders need to obtain all data to construct the entire block, which is distributed...